#1 Resource for Finding Public Records

Public records are information that is created, collected, managed, and stored by a public/government agency. These records are public because of the Freedom of Information Act (or FOIA), passed in 1966 to provide transparency within the U.S. government.

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What are Public Records?

The definition of a public record is constantly changing as the world develops new technologies that contain, collect, manage, and store information. For example, email, body cams, and text messages are now forms of public information that did not exist when the law was enacted.

Public records may be filed with local, state, and federal agencies. In addition, each state has its own laws regarding what is considered public records and the rules regarding public access to them.

Types of Public Records

When searching for public records, you may encounter many different types of information. The term “public records” is expansive covering a wide variety of formats and types. For example, some information pertains to people, and other information refers to the government agency and its operations.

Some examples of public record categories are:

  • Videos
  • Emails
  • Calendars
  • Reports
  • Military records
  • Notes
  • Court records
  • Contracts
  • Grant applications
  • Inspections
  • Construction plans
  • Contractor agreements
  • Memos
  • Metadata
  • Permits
  • Licenses
  • Receipts
  • Tape recordings
  • Letters
  • Text messages
  • Surveillance footage
  • Maps
  • Photographs
  • Meeting minutes
  • Audio clips
  • FBI files
  • Agendas

Driving records

Are a person’s driving history, including infractions, violations, and driving convictions.

Inmate records

Refer to someone’s history within the penal system.

Contact information

May include the person’s name, aliases, previous and current mailing addresses, email addresses, and phone numbers.

Professional licenses

From various fields and industries (law, medicine, construction, etc.) will appear in public records.

Property records

Show when a piece of property was bought or sold, how much it sold for, and other details about the land and/or buildings.

What is Not Included in Public Records

Although vast information is available in public records, some things are still private, and you will not find them in public records searches.

Some examples of things that are not public records are:

Tax
Returns
Juvenile
Records
Child
Abuse
Medical
Records
Personnel
Records
Internal
Audits
This is a partial list of exemptions, and other things may be deemed private by the state, federal, or local agency.
  • School records, including admission records
  • Some marriage and divorce records
  • Records that contain sensitive information such as trade secrets, blueprints, and protected company data
  • Social security numbers
  • Library user records
  • Some federal judiciary records
  • Legal documents that contain attorney-client privileged information
  • Domestic abuse court orders - to protect the victims
  • Bids for public contracts before the job is awarded
  • Sealed court documents
  • Some law enforcement records
  • Research that has not yet been published
  • Records relating to national security

What You can Do with Public Records

Professionals and laypeople often use public records for background checks. Employers want to know that a new driver has a clean driving record before hiring them. School officials need to know that employees don’t have a history of sex offenses. Students and reporters often use public records for research. There is a lot of specific and general information in official records that may be used for various purposes.

Some of the things you can do with public records include:

  • Unofficial and official background checks
  • Locate someone’s contact information
  • Vet a new roommate or personal caregiver
  • Find out who owns a piece of property so you can make an offer
  • Find out about a court case and final verdict
  • Research a potential new business partner
  • Check out a neighbor before allowing your children to play at their house
  • Verify a professional license before hiring a contractor, lawyer, or medical professional
  • Look for financial issues (liens/bankruptcy/etc.) on someone

What You can Do with Public Records

Free

Sometimes you can access a public records database for free. For example, some courthouse websites allow you to search for specific cases based on the person’s name, docket number, or case type. However, if you need copies of case records and documents, you may have to visit the courthouse in person and pay the court clerk’s office to get them.

You can find some public records like social media information, photographs, and even contact details online for free by doing a Google search. However, it’s much more efficient to use a powerful search tool that includes public records from all over the country in one place.

$0 - $100

Some government offices require you to fill out a specific public records request form when looking for records. Usually, they charge a small fee to retrieve the records. Therefore, you can expect to pay anywhere from 1 cent/per page to a maximum of $100 for records.

Most often, someone can inspect records for free, but if the agency has to locate them or provide copies, they have the right to charge a fair fee. You can check the official website for the government agency for a complete fee schedule or look for an FAQ (frequently asked questions) section for more information.