#1 Resource for Finding
Public Records
Public records are information that is created, collected, managed, and stored by a public/government agency. These records are public because of the Freedom of Information Act (or FOIA), passed in 1966 to provide transparency within the U.S. government.
What are Public Records?
The definition of a public record is constantly changing as the world develops new technologies that contain, collect, manage, and store information. For example, email, body cams, and text messages are now forms of public information that did not exist when the law was enacted.
Public records may be filed with local, state, and federal agencies. In addition, each state has its own laws regarding what is considered public records and the rules regarding public access to them.
Types of Public Records
When searching for public records, you may encounter many different types of information. The term “public records” is expansive covering a wide variety of formats and types. For example, some information pertains to people, and other information refers to the government agency and its operations.
Some examples of public record categories are:
- Videos
- Emails
- Calendars
- Reports
- Military records
- Notes
- Court records
- Contracts
- Grant applications
- Inspections
- Construction plans
- Contractor agreements
- Memos
- Metadata
- Permits
- Licenses
- Receipts
- Tape recordings
- Letters
- Text messages
- Surveillance footage
- Maps
- Photographs
- Meeting minutes
- Audio clips
- FBI files
- Agendas
Driving records
Are a person’s driving history, including infractions, violations, and driving convictions.
Inmate records
Refer to someone’s history within the penal system.
Contact information
May include the person’s name, aliases, previous and current mailing addresses, email addresses, and phone numbers.
Professional licenses
From various fields and industries (law, medicine, construction, etc.) will appear in public records.
Property records
Show when a piece of property was bought or sold, how much it sold for, and other details about the land and/or buildings.
What is Not Included in Public Records
Although vast information is available in public records, some things are still private, and you will not find them in public records searches.
Some examples of things that are not public records are:
Returns
Records
Abuse
Records
Records
Audits
- School records, including admission records
- Some marriage and divorce records
- Records that contain sensitive information such as trade secrets, blueprints, and protected company data
- Social security numbers
- Library user records
- Some federal judiciary records
- Legal documents that contain attorney-client privileged information
- Domestic abuse court orders - to protect the victims
- Bids for public contracts before the job is awarded
- Sealed court documents
- Some law enforcement records
- Research that has not yet been published
- Records relating to national security
What You can Do with Public Records
Professionals and laypeople often use public records for background checks. Employers want to know that a new driver has a clean driving record before hiring them. School officials need to know that employees don’t have a history of sex offenses. Students and reporters often use public records for research. There is a lot of specific and general information in official records that may be used for various purposes.
Some of the things you can do with public records include:
- Unofficial and official background checks
- Locate someone’s contact information
- Vet a new roommate or personal caregiver
- Find out who owns a piece of property so you can make an offer
- Find out about a court case and final verdict
- Research a potential new business partner
- Check out a neighbor before allowing your children to play at their house
- Verify a professional license before hiring a contractor, lawyer, or medical professional
- Look for financial issues (liens/bankruptcy/etc.) on someone
How to Search for Public Records
Searching for public records can be like trying to find a needle in a haystack. Because each records office stores and manages public records differently, it can be time-consuming to locate everything you need. For example, the local police may list information online, whereas the county clerk’s office stores it in paper format. First, you need to know who holds the information you seek. Then you must either visit the agency in person, or sometimes they offer the records online in a search portal (usually on a .gov website). Often you will have to spend hours searching many different places for all the pertinent information. In addition, most agencies charge for public records either per page, hourly, or a flat fee.
Public records websites like ThePublicIndex collects records from thousands of sources and brings them together in one search engine, making searching for records quicker and easier.
- ALAlabama
- AKAlaska
- AZArizona
- ARArkansas
- CACalifornia
- COColorado
- CTConnecticut
- DEDelaware
- FLFlorida
- GAGeorgia
- HIHawaii
- IDIdaho
- ILIllinois
- INIndiana
- IAIowa
- KSKansas
- KYKentucky
- LALouisiana
- MEMaine
- MDMaryland
- MAMassachusetts
- MIMichigan
- MNMinnesota
- MSMississippi
- MOMissouri
- MTMontana
- NENebraska
- NVNevada
- NHNew Hampshire
- NJNew Jersey
- NMNew Mexico
- NYNew York
- NCNorth Carolina
- NDNorth Dakota
- OHOhio
- OKOklahoma
- OROregon
- PAPennsylvania
- RIRhode Island
- SCSouth Carolina
- SDSouth Dakota
- TNTennessee
- TXTexas
- UTUtah
- VTVermont
- VAVirginia
- WAWashington
- WVWest Virginia
- WIWisconsin
- WYWyoming
What You can Do with Public Records
Sometimes you can access a public records database for free. For example, some courthouse websites allow you to search for specific cases based on the person’s name, docket number, or case type. However, if you need copies of case records and documents, you may have to visit the courthouse in person and pay the court clerk’s office to get them.
You can find some public records like social media information, photographs, and even contact details online for free by doing a Google search. However, it’s much more efficient to use a powerful search tool that includes public records from all over the country in one place.
Some government offices require you to fill out a specific public records request form when looking for records. Usually, they charge a small fee to retrieve the records. Therefore, you can expect to pay anywhere from 1 cent/per page to a maximum of $100 for records.
Most often, someone can inspect records for free, but if the agency has to locate them or provide copies, they have the right to charge a fair fee. You can check the official website for the government agency for a complete fee schedule or look for an FAQ (frequently asked questions) section for more information.